1. Agricultural prevention and control
planting high-quality virus-free seedlings; By strengthening fertilizer water management, reasonable load control and other measures, keep the tree robust and improve disease resistance; Reasonable pruning to ensure that the tree body is ventilated and transmitted, and the growth environment of pests and diseases is deteriorated; Remove dead branches and leaves, scrape off the old warped and cracked skin of the trunk, turn the tree tray, cut off the branches and fruits of pests, reduce the source of diseases and insects, and reduce the base of diseases and insects; Juniper is not planted within 5 km of the pear orchard to prevent rust epidemics, etc.
2. Physical prevention and control
According to the biological characteristics of pests, sweet and sour liquid, trunk winding rope, insect trap lamps, insecticidal lamps and other methods are used to trap and kill insects.
3. Biological control
Artificially release red-eyed bees. Assist and protect natural enemies of insects such as ladybugs, grassflies, and predatory moths. Apply beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites to control pests and diseases. The use of insect extrasex hormones to trap or interfere with adult mating.
4. Chemical prevention and control
1). Principles of pharmaceutical use
It is forbidden to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high residue pesticides and teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic pesticides (DDT, hexahexano, chloramidine, methamidophos, parathion, methylparathion, monocrotophos, phosphamine, methophos, oxocar, hydrothion, terbutaion, methylthioxin, curephos, methylethion, endophosphorus, corbweis, aldicarb, fencarb, avermectin, mercury preparations, arsenic, etc.). Promote the use of bio-derived pesticides and mineral pesticides. Advocate the use of new high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides.
2). Rational use of pesticides
(1) Strengthen the prediction and forecasting of pests and diseases, use drugs in a targeted and timely manner, and do not use pesticides when the control indicators are not met or the ratio of beneficial insects to pests is reasonable.
(2) According to the characteristics of natural enemies, reasonably select the pesticide type, application time and application method to protect natural enemies.
(3) Pay attention to the alternating use and rational mixing of pesticides with different mechanisms of action to delay the development of resistance of bacteria and pests and improve the control effect.
(4) Strictly in accordance with the specified concentration, annual use times and safety interval requirements, uniform and thoughtful application.
3. Control of major pests and diseases
The main diseases are pear black star disease, dry rot, rotiferous disease and brown spot, and the main pests are pear psyllids, aphids, leaf mites, heartworms and bugs. Before germination (early March), spray 3 degree stone sulfur mixture to eradicate pests such as pathogens and overwintering mites. After falling flowers (early April), spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid plus 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times liquid to control black star disease, rotifolia, aphids, pear psyllid and other diseases and pests.
During the vigorous growth period of the new shoot (early May), spray 10% difenoconazole (Shigo) water dispersible granules 7000 times liquid plus 5% nisolang emulsion 2500 times liquid to control black star disease, striated disease, brown spot disease and leaf mites. In early and late July, spray once doubling Bordeaux liquid or systemic fungicide to control fruit and leaf diseases. Before and after fruit harvest, flusilazole or carbendazim was sprayed, mixed with pyrethroid pesticides, focusing on the prevention and control of striatosis, anthrax, black star disease and heartworm. 20 days before harvest, spray once to control fruit diseases. After falling leaves, sweep up fallen leaves, pests and fruits, and burn them intensively or bury them deeply.
